Neuropsychological Assessment, Cognitive Aging, and Cognitive Reserve: Clinical and Gerontological Perspectives for Early Detection and Prevention

¹Facultad de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Austral, Argentina

*Corresponding author: María Josefina Gonzalez Aguilar,  Av. Juan Domingo Perón 1500, B1629, Pilar, Buenos Aires, Argentina, Tel: (+54230) 438 7011, E-mail: [email protected]

Received Date: December 30, 2025
Publication Date: February 23, 2026

Citation: Gonzalez Aguilar MJ, et al. (2026). Neuropsychological Assessment, Cognitive Aging, and Cognitive Reserve: Clinical and
Gerontological Perspectives for Early Detection and Prevention. Geriatric. 4(1):05.

Copyright: Gonzalez Aguilar MJ, et al. © (2026).

ABSTRACT

Population aging has become one of the most significant public health challenges worldwide, with an increasing prevalence of cognitive decline and neurodegenerative disorders among older adults. In this context, neuropsychology provides a clinical and conceptual framework for understanding cognitive aging, distinguishing between normal and pathological processes, and supporting early detection strategies. This review summarizes key neuropsychological concepts relevant to gerontology, with a particular focus on cognitive aging, dementia, and cognitive reserve. Emphasis is placed on the clinical and preventive value of neuropsychological assessment in older adults, particularly within primary care and interdisciplinary gerontological settings. Understanding these concepts is essential for promoting healthy aging, delaying functional decline, and guiding preventive interventions across the lifespan.

Keywords: Cognitive Aging, Neuropsychology, Dementia, Cognitive Reserve, Gerontology